{"id":2935,"date":"2025-08-06T00:01:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-05T19:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/?p=2935"},"modified":"2025-07-25T19:57:22","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T14:57:22","slug":"%d1%84%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b3-%d1%87%d0%b5%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%ba-%d1%87%d0%b5%d0%b9-%d1%87%d0%b8%d1%85-%d0%b8-%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%b1%d1%8b%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d1%87%d0%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/?p=2935","title":{"rendered":"\u0424\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0433: \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u0447\u0435\u0439 \u00ab\u0447\u0438\u0445\u00bb \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0443"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"141\" height=\"160\" src=\"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/fleming.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2936\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/strong> \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 144 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <strong>\u0441\u044d\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0424\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430<\/strong> <strong>(1881\u20131955)<\/strong> \u2013 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u0447\u044c\u0438 <strong>\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f<\/strong> \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 <strong>\u0441\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0431\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/strong> \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b, \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438: \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u044b <strong>\u0424\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0433 <\/strong>\u0447\u0438\u0445\u043d\u0443\u043b \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0443 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"116\" height=\"78\" src=\"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/lizocim.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2937\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043c<\/strong> \u00ad\u2013 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0433 \u043a \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0424\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0433<\/strong>, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u043e\u0441 \u0432 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"147\" height=\"83\" src=\"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/plesen.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2938\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0411\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u0423\u0435\u0437\u0436\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a, \u0424\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0447\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043a\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c Penicillium notatum, \u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c. \u0423\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u2014 <strong>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0431\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.calend.ru\/persons\/4231\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u0413\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0424\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u042d\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0439\u043d: <\/strong><\/a><strong>\u0432 1938 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443<\/strong> \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.calend.ru\/persons\/4231\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u041d\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f (1945 \u0433.): <\/strong><\/a>\u0424\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0433, \u0424\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0427\u0435\u0439\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u00ab\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"color: grey;\"><em>\u0418\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u2013 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432: https:\/\/uk.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b:Synthetic_Production_of_Penicillin_TR1468_crop.jpg, https:\/\/geradez.ru\/kak-razmnozhayutsya-klopy-ru, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>6 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 144 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u044d\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0424\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 (1881\u20131955) \u2013 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u0447\u044c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0431\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b, \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438: \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u044b \u0424\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0447\u0438\u0445\u043d\u0443\u043b \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0443 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"virom_content_type":[],"class_list":["post-2935","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eniivi_news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2935"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2935\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2939,"href":"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2935\/revisions\/2939"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2935"},{"taxonomy":"virom_content_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eniivi.niivirom.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fvirom_content_type&post=2935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}